{"id":29279,"date":"2010-10-19T09:18:58","date_gmt":"2010-10-19T02:18:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nano2.toolsmkt.com\/?p=729"},"modified":"2010-10-19T09:18:58","modified_gmt":"2010-10-19T02:18:58","slug":"graphene-pioneers-bag-nobel-prize","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nanotec.or.th\/en\/graphene-pioneers-bag-nobel-prize\/","title":{"rendered":"Graphene pioneers bag Nobel prize"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded  jointly to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov &#8220;for groundbreaking  experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene&#8221;.  Both physicists work at the University of Manchester in the UK.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div><a title=\"(Courtesy: University of Manchester)\" href=\"http:\/\/images.iop.org\/objects\/ntw\/news\/9\/10\/2\/AGeim1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Andre Geim\" src=\"http:\/\/images.iop.org\/objects\/ntw\/news\/thumb\/9\/10\/2\/AGeim1.jpg\" alt=\"Andre Geim\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a title=\"(Courtesy: University of Manchester)\" href=\"http:\/\/images.iop.org\/objects\/ntw\/news\/9\/10\/2\/AGeim1.jpg\">Andre Geim<\/a><\/div>\n<p>In a telephone interview with Swedish journalists minutes after the  announcement, Geim said that he was answering e-mails when he found out  about the award. &#8220;When I got the call, I thought &#8216;oh shit&#8217;, because it  is a life-changing exercise.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Graphene is a sheet of crystalline carbon just one atom thick. Many  physicists believed that a 2D crystal like graphene would always roll up  rather than stand free in a planar form; but in 2004 Geim and Novoselov  brought to an end years of unsuccessful attempts to isolate graphene,  and were able to visualize the new crystal using a simple optical  microscope.<\/p>\n<p>The material is very strong and an excellent conductor of heat and  electricity. As such it is often described as a &#8220;wonder material&#8221; with  many possible technological applications. When asked what is his dream  application for graphene Geim replied, &#8220;That&#8217;s a difficult question&#8230;I  don&#8217;t want to pick out any particular applications, there are so many.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ahead on intuition<\/strong><br \/>\n&#8220;[Novoselov and Geim] really deserve the prize,&#8221; said Andrea Ferrari of  Cambridge University, who started working on graphene shortly after its  discovery. &#8220;They are way above other people in terms of their intuition  and they have done key work in all the main subfields \u2013 looking at  graphene\u2019s electronic, mechanical and other properties.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Ferrari also told <em>nanotechweb<\/em>&#8216;s sister website <em>physicsworld.com<\/em> that the two physicists were very generous about sharing their  discovery with other scientists. &#8220;From day one they were completely open  about how to make graphene,&#8221; he said. &#8220;They trained the first  generation of physicists in how to make graphene by inviting scientists  to Manchester.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The two researchers discovered the material by using a piece of adhesive  tape to peel a single atomic layer off a piece of graphite \u2013 a process  known as micromechanical cleavage or the &#8220;Scotch tape method&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>The pair then worked out how to make field-effect transistors using the  material and discovered that electrons in the device were able to travel  ballistically \u2013 that is, without being scattered \u2013 from the source to  the drain electrode at room temperature.<\/p>\n<p><strong>As famous as silicon<\/strong><br \/>\nIn principle, ballistic transistors could operate much faster than  conventional devices made of silicon and this discover led to a flurry  of research into the electronic properties of graphene that shows no  signs of abating.   In 2005, Geim and Novoselov showed that the electrons in graphene behave  like relativistic particles  called &#8220;Dirac fermions&#8221; that have no rest  mass. The pair also observed a new &#8220;half-integer&#8221; quantum Hall effect in  the material.<\/p>\n<div><a title=\"(Courtesy: University of Manchester)\" href=\"http:\/\/images.iop.org\/objects\/ntw\/news\/9\/10\/2\/AGeim2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Konstantin Novoselov\" src=\"http:\/\/images.iop.org\/objects\/ntw\/news\/thumb\/9\/10\/2\/AGeim2.jpg\" alt=\"Konstantin Novoselov\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a title=\"(Courtesy: University of Manchester)\" href=\"http:\/\/images.iop.org\/objects\/ntw\/news\/9\/10\/2\/AGeim2.jpg\">Konstantin Novoselov<\/a><\/div>\n<p>More recently, Geim and Novoselov have shown that graphene has the ideal  optical properties to form the transparent electrodes in liquid crystal  displays (LCDs); fabricated tiny quantum dots from graphene; and  developed a new way of manufacturing sizable quantities of graphene.  Just last year the pair created a new material called graphane by adding  hydrogen atoms to their original discovery.<\/p>\n<p>The discovery of graphene triggered a surge of interest in this &#8220;wonder  material&#8221;. Other researchers, for example, have found that graphene not  only conducts heat very well but is also the &#8220;strongest material in the  world&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Novoselov was born in the Soviet Union in 1974 and did a PhD at the  University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands before joining the University  of Manchester in 2001, where he is Leverhulme Research Fellow. He is a  British and Russian citizen.<\/p>\n<p>Born in the Soviet Union in 1958, Geim did a PhD at the Institute of  Solid State Physics in Chernogolovka, Russia. He was associate professor  at the University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands before joining the  University of Manchester in 2001, where he is director of the Centre for  Mesoscience and Nanotechnology. He is a Russian and Dutch citizen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>IgNobel for &#8216;flying frog&#8217;<\/strong><br \/>\nGeim is also famous for his 1997 &#8220;flying frog&#8221; experiment in which he  and his colleagues in Nijmegen levitated a frog using a powerful magnet.  He shared the 2000 &#8220;IgNobel&#8221; prize for his efforts.<\/p>\n<p>The prize will be presented at a ceremony in Stockholm on 10 December.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Source: http:\/\/nanotechweb.org\/cws\/article\/tech\/43950<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded jointly to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov &#8220;for groundbreaking experiments regarding [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technology-update"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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